Edit: /usr/share/perl5/pod/perlebcdic.pod (84233B)
=encoding utf8
=head1 NAME
perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
=head1 DESCRIPTION
An exploration of some of the issues facing Perl programmers
on EBCDIC based computers.
Portions of this document that are still incomplete are marked with XXX.
Early Perl versions worked on some EBCDIC machines, but the last known
version that ran on EBCDIC was v5.8.7, until v5.22, when the Perl core
again works on z/OS. Theoretically, it could work on OS/400 or Siemens'
BS2000 (or their successors), but this is untested. In v5.22 and 5.24,
not all
the modules found on CPAN but shipped with core Perl work on z/OS.
If you want to use Perl on a non-z/OS EBCDIC machine, please let us know
by sending mail to perlbug@perl.org
Writing Perl on an EBCDIC platform is really no different than writing
on an L one, but with different underlying numbers, as we'll see
shortly. You'll have to know something about those L platforms
because the documentation is biased and will frequently use example
numbers that don't apply to EBCDIC. There are also very few CPAN
modules that are written for EBCDIC and which don't work on ASCII;
instead the vast majority of CPAN modules are written for ASCII, and
some may happen to work on EBCDIC, while a few have been designed to
portably work on both.
If your code just uses the 52 letters A-Z and a-z, plus SPACE, the
digits 0-9, and the punctuation characters that Perl uses, plus a few
controls that are denoted by escape sequences like C<\n> and C<\t>, then
there's nothing special about using Perl, and your code may very well
work on an ASCII machine without change.
But if you write code that uses C<\005> to mean a TAB or C<\xC1> to mean
an "A", or C<\xDF> to mean a "E
" (small C<"y"> with a diaeresis),
then your code may well work on your EBCDIC platform, but not on an
ASCII one. That's fine to do if no one will ever want to run your code
on an ASCII platform; but the bias in this document will be towards writing
code portable between EBCDIC and ASCII systems. Again, if every
character you care about is easily enterable from your keyboard, you
don't have to know anything about ASCII, but many keyboards don't easily
allow you to directly enter, say, the character C<\xDF>, so you have to
specify it indirectly, such as by using the C<"\xDF"> escape sequence.
In those cases it's easiest to know something about the ASCII/Unicode
character sets. If you know that the small "E" is C, then
you can instead specify it as C<"\N{U+FF}">, and have the computer
automatically translate it to C<\xDF> on your platform, and leave it as
C<\xFF> on ASCII ones. Or you could specify it by name, C<\N{LATIN
SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS> and not have to know the numbers.
Either way works, but both require familiarity with Unicode.
=head1 COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
=head2 ASCII
The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII or
US-ASCII) is a set of
integers running from 0 to 127 (decimal) that have standardized
interpretations by the computers which use ASCII. For example, 65 means
the letter "A".
The range 0..127 can be covered by setting various bits in a 7-bit binary
digit, hence the set is sometimes referred to as "7-bit ASCII".
ASCII was described by the American National Standards Institute
document ANSI X3.4-1986. It was also described by ISO 646:1991
(with localization for currency symbols). The full ASCII set is
given in the table L as the first 128 elements.
Languages that
can be written adequately with the characters in ASCII include
English, Hawaiian, Indonesian, Swahili and some Native American
languages.
Most non-EBCDIC character sets are supersets of ASCII. That is the
integers 0-127 mean what ASCII says they mean. But integers 128 and
above are specific to the character set.
Many of these fit entirely into 8 bits, using ASCII as 0-127, while
specifying what 128-255 mean, and not using anything above 255.
Thus, these are single-byte (or octet if you prefer) character sets.
One important one (since Unicode is a superset of it) is the ISO 8859-1
character set.
=head2 ISO 8859
The ISO 8859-I> are a collection of character code sets from the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), each of which adds
characters to the ASCII set that are typically found in various
languages, many of which are based on the Roman, or Latin, alphabet.
Most are for European languages, but there are also ones for Arabic,
Greek, Hebrew, and Thai. There are good references on the web about
all these.
=head2 Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
A particular 8-bit extension to ASCII that includes grave and acute
accented Latin characters. Languages that can employ ISO 8859-1
include all the languages covered by ASCII as well as Afrikaans,
Albanian, Basque, Catalan, Danish, Faroese, Finnish, Norwegian,
Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. Dutch is covered albeit without
the ij ligature. French is covered too but without the oe ligature.
German can use ISO 8859-1 but must do so without German-style
quotation marks. This set is based on Western European extensions
to ASCII and is commonly encountered in world wide web work.
In IBM character code set identification terminology, ISO 8859-1 is
also known as CCSID 819 (or sometimes 0819 or even 00819).
=head2 EBCDIC
The Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code refers to a
large collection of single- and multi-byte coded character sets that are
quite different from ASCII and ISO 8859-1, and are all slightly
different from each other; they typically run on host computers. The
EBCDIC encodings derive from 8-bit byte extensions of Hollerith punched
card encodings, which long predate ASCII. The layout on the
cards was such that high bits were set for the upper and lower case
alphabetic
characters C<[a-z]> and C<[A-Z]>, but there were gaps within each Latin
alphabet range, visible in the table L. These gaps can
cause complications.
Some IBM EBCDIC character sets may be known by character code set
identification numbers (CCSID numbers) or code page numbers.
Perl can be compiled on platforms that run any of three commonly used EBCDIC
character sets, listed below.
=head3 The 13 variant characters
Among IBM EBCDIC character code sets there are 13 characters that
are often mapped to different integer values. Those characters
are known as the 13 "variant" characters and are:
\ [ ] { } ^ ~ ! # | $ @ `
When Perl is compiled for a platform, it looks at all of these characters to
guess which EBCDIC character set the platform uses, and adapts itself
accordingly to that platform. If the platform uses a character set that is not
one of the three Perl knows about, Perl will either fail to compile, or
mistakenly and silently choose one of the three.
=head3 EBCDIC code sets recognized by Perl
=over
=item B<0037>
Character code set ID 0037 is a mapping of the ASCII plus Latin-1
characters (i.e. ISO 8859-1) to an EBCDIC set. 0037 is used
in North American English locales on the OS/400 operating system
that runs on AS/400 computers. CCSID 0037 differs from ISO 8859-1
in 236 places; in other words they agree on only 20 code point values.
=item B<1047>
Character code set ID 1047 is also a mapping of the ASCII plus
Latin-1 characters (i.e. ISO 8859-1) to an EBCDIC set. 1047 is
used under Unix System Services for OS/390 or z/OS, and OpenEdition
for VM/ESA. CCSID 1047 differs from CCSID 0037 in eight places,
and from ISO 8859-1 in 236.
=item B
The EBCDIC code page in use on Siemens' BS2000 system is distinct from
1047 and 0037. It is identified below as the POSIX-BC set.
Like 0037 and 1047, it is the same as ISO 8859-1 in 20 code point
values.
=back
=head2 Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
In Unicode terminology a I is the number assigned to a
character: for example, in EBCDIC the character "A" is usually assigned
the number 193. In Unicode, the character "A" is assigned the number 65.
All the code points in ASCII and Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) have the same
meaning in Unicode. All three of the recognized EBCDIC code sets have
256 code points, and in each code set, all 256 code points are mapped to
equivalent Latin1 code points. Obviously, "A" will map to "A", "B" =>
"B", "%" => "%", etc., for all printable characters in Latin1 and these
code pages.
It also turns out that EBCDIC has nearly precise equivalents for the
ASCII/Latin1 C0 controls and the DELETE control. (The C0 controls are
those whose ASCII code points are 0..0x1F; things like TAB, ACK, BEL,
etc.) A mapping is set up between these ASCII/EBCDIC controls. There
isn't such a precise mapping between the C1 controls on ASCII platforms
and the remaining EBCDIC controls. What has been done is to map these
controls, mostly arbitrarily, to some otherwise unmatched character in
the other character set. Most of these are very very rarely used
nowadays in EBCDIC anyway, and their names have been dropped, without
much complaint. For example the EO (Eight Ones) EBCDIC control
(consisting of eight one bits = 0xFF) is mapped to the C1 APC control
(0x9F), and you can't use the name "EO".
The EBCDIC controls provide three possible line terminator characters,
CR (0x0D), LF (0x25), and NL (0x15). On ASCII platforms, the symbols
"NL" and "LF" refer to the same character, but in strict EBCDIC
terminology they are different ones. The EBCDIC NL is mapped to the C1
control called "NEL" ("Next Line"; here's a case where the mapping makes
quite a bit of sense, and hence isn't just arbitrary). On some EBCDIC
platforms, this NL or NEL is the typical line terminator. This is true
of z/OS and BS2000. In these platforms, the C compilers will swap the
LF and NEL code points, so that C<"\n"> is 0x15, and refers to NL. Perl
does that too; you can see it in the code chart L.
This makes things generally "just work" without you even having to be
aware that there is a swap.
=head2 Unicode and UTF
UTF stands for "Unicode Transformation Format".
UTF-8 is an encoding of Unicode into a sequence of 8-bit byte chunks, based on
ASCII and Latin-1.
The length of a sequence required to represent a Unicode code point
depends on the ordinal number of that code point,
with larger numbers requiring more bytes.
UTF-EBCDIC is like UTF-8, but based on EBCDIC.
They are enough alike that often, casual usage will conflate the two
terms, and use "UTF-8" to mean both the UTF-8 found on ASCII platforms,
and the UTF-EBCDIC found on EBCDIC ones.
You may see the term "invariant" character or code point.
This simply means that the character has the same numeric
value and representation when encoded in UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) as when
not. (Note that this is a very different concept from L mentioned above. Careful prose will use the term "UTF-8
invariant" instead of just "invariant", but most often you'll see just
"invariant".) For example, the ordinal value of "A" is 193 in most
EBCDIC code pages, and also is 193 when encoded in UTF-EBCDIC. All
UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) variant code points occupy at least two bytes when
encoded in UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC); by definition, the UTF-8 (or
UTF-EBCDIC) invariant code points are exactly one byte whether encoded
in UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC), or not. (By now you see why people typically
just say "UTF-8" when they also mean "UTF-EBCDIC". For the rest of this
document, we'll mostly be casual about it too.)
In ASCII UTF-8, the code points corresponding to the lowest 128
ordinal numbers (0 - 127: the ASCII characters) are invariant.
In UTF-EBCDIC, there are 160 invariant characters.
(If you care, the EBCDIC invariants are those characters
which have ASCII equivalents, plus those that correspond to
the C1 controls (128 - 159 on ASCII platforms).)
A string encoded in UTF-EBCDIC may be longer (very rarely shorter) than
one encoded in UTF-8. Perl extends both UTF-8 and UTF-EBCDIC so that
they can encode code points above the Unicode maximum of U+10FFFF. Both
extensions are constructed to allow encoding of any code point that fits
in a 64-bit word.
UTF-EBCDIC is defined by
L
(often referred to as just TR16).
It is defined based on CCSID 1047, not allowing for the differences for
other code pages. This allows for easy interchange of text between
computers running different code pages, but makes it unusable, without
adaptation, for Perl on those other code pages.
The reason for this unusability is that a fundamental assumption of Perl
is that the characters it cares about for parsing and lexical analysis
are the same whether or not the text is in UTF-8. For example, Perl
expects the character C<"["> to have the same representation, no matter
if the string containing it (or program text) is UTF-8 encoded or not.
To ensure this, Perl adapts UTF-EBCDIC to the particular code page so
that all characters it expects to be UTF-8 invariant are in fact UTF-8
invariant. This means that text generated on a computer running one
version of Perl's UTF-EBCDIC has to be translated to be intelligible to
a computer running another.
TR16 implies a method to extend UTF-EBCDIC to encode points up through
S>. Perl uses this method for code points up through
S>, but uses an incompatible method for larger ones, to
enable it to handle much larger code points than otherwise.
=head2 Using Encode
Starting from Perl 5.8 you can use the standard module Encode
to translate from EBCDIC to Latin-1 code points.
Encode knows about more EBCDIC character sets than Perl can currently
be compiled to run on.
use Encode 'from_to';
my %ebcdic = ( 176 => 'cp37', 95 => 'cp1047', 106 => 'posix-bc' );
# $a is in EBCDIC code points
from_to($a, $ebcdic{ord '^'}, 'latin1');
# $a is ISO 8859-1 code points
and from Latin-1 code points to EBCDIC code points
use Encode 'from_to';
my %ebcdic = ( 176 => 'cp37', 95 => 'cp1047', 106 => 'posix-bc' );
# $a is ISO 8859-1 code points
from_to($a, 'latin1', $ebcdic{ord '^'});
# $a is in EBCDIC code points
For doing I/O it is suggested that you use the autotranslating features
of PerlIO, see L.
Since version 5.8 Perl uses the PerlIO I/O library. This enables
you to use different encodings per IO channel. For example you may use
use Encode;
open($f, ">:encoding(ascii)", "test.ascii");
print $f "Hello World!\n";
open($f, ">:encoding(cp37)", "test.ebcdic");
print $f "Hello World!\n";
open($f, ">:encoding(latin1)", "test.latin1");
print $f "Hello World!\n";
open($f, ">:encoding(utf8)", "test.utf8");
print $f "Hello World!\n";
to get four files containing "Hello World!\n" in ASCII, CP 0037 EBCDIC,
ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) (in this example identical to ASCII since only ASCII
characters were printed), and
UTF-EBCDIC (in this example identical to normal EBCDIC since only characters
that don't differ between EBCDIC and UTF-EBCDIC were printed). See the
documentation of L for details.
As the PerlIO layer uses raw IO (bytes) internally, all this totally
ignores things like the type of your filesystem (ASCII or EBCDIC).
=head1 SINGLE OCTET TABLES
The following tables list the ASCII and Latin 1 ordered sets including
the subsets: C0 controls (0..31), ASCII graphics (32..7e), delete (7f),
C1 controls (80..9f), and Latin-1 (a.k.a. ISO 8859-1) (a0..ff). In the
table names of the Latin 1
extensions to ASCII have been labelled with character names roughly
corresponding to I albeit with
substitutions such as C 127 7 7 7 127 7
128 32 32 32 194.128 32
129 33 33 33 194.129 33
130 34 34 34 194.130 34
131 35 35 35 194.131 35
132 36 36 36 194.132 36
133 21 37 37 194.133 37 **
134 6 6 6 194.134 6
135 23 23 23 194.135 23
136 40 40 40 194.136 40
137 41 41 41 194.137 41
138 42 42 42 194.138 42
139 43 43 43 194.139 43
140 44 44 44 194.140 44
141 9 9 9 194.141 9
142 10 10 10 194.142 10
143 27 27 27 194.143 27
144 48 48 48 194.144 48
145 49 49 49 194.145 49
146 26 26 26 194.146 26
147 51 51 51 194.147 51
148 52 52 52 194.148 52
149 53 53 53 194.149 53
150 54 54 54 194.150 54
151 8 8 8 194.151 8
152 56 56 56 194.152 56
153 57 57 57 194.153 57
154 58 58 58 194.154 58
155 59 59 59 194.155 59
156 4 4 4 194.156 4
157 20 20 20 194.157 20
158 62 62 62 194.158 62
159 255 255 95 194.159 255 ##
160 65 65 65 194.160 128.65
161 170 170 170 194.161 128.66
162 74 74 176 194.162 128.67 ##
163 177 177 177 194.163 128.68
164 159 159 159 194.164 128.69
165 178 178 178 194.165 128.70
166 106 106 208 194.166 128.71 ##
167 181 181 181 194.167 128.72
168 189 187 121 194.168 128.73 ** ##
169 180 180 180 194.169 128.74
170 154 154 154 194.170 128.81
171 138 138 138 194.171 128.82
172 95 176 186 194.172 128.83 ** ##
173 202 202 202 194.173 128.84
174 175 175 175 194.174 128.85
175 188 188 161 194.175 128.86 ##
176 144 144 144 194.176 128.87
177 143 143 143 194.177 128.88
178 234 234 234 194.178 128.89
179 250 250 250 194.179 128.98
180 190 190 190 194.180 128.99
181 160 160 160 194.181 128.100
182 182 182 182 194.182 128.101
183 179 179 179 194.183 128.102
184 157 157 157 194.184 128.103
185 218 218 218 194.185 128.104
186 155 155 155 194.186 128.105
187 139 139 139 194.187 128.106
188 183 183 183 194.188 128.112
189 184 184 184 194.189 128.113
190 185 185 185 194.190 128.114
191 171 171 171 194.191 128.115
192 100 100 100 195.128 138.65
193 101 101 101 195.129 138.66
194 98 98 98 195.130 138.67
195 102 102 102 195.131 138.68
196 99 99 99 195.132 138.69
197 103 103 103 195.133 138.70
198 158 158 158 195.134 138.71
199 104 104 104 195.135 138.72
200 116 116 116 195.136 138.73
201 113 113 113 195.137 138.74
202 114 114 114 195.138 138.81
203 115 115 115 195.139 138.82
204 120 120 120 195.140 138.83
205 117 117 117 195.141 138.84
206 118 118 118 195.142 138.85
207 119 119 119 195.143 138.86
208 172 172 172 195.144 138.87
209 105 105 105 195.145 138.88
210 237 237 237 195.146 138.89
211 238 238 238 195.147 138.98
212 235 235 235 195.148 138.99
213 239 239 239 195.149 138.100
214 236 236 236 195.150 138.101
215 191 191 191 195.151 138.102
216 128 128 128 195.152 138.103
217 253 253 224 195.153 138.104 ##
218 254 254 254 195.154 138.105
219 251 251 221 195.155 138.106 ##
220 252 252 252 195.156 138.112
221 173 186 173 195.157 138.113 ** ##
222 174 174 174 195.158 138.114
223 89 89 89 195.159 138.115
224 68 68 68 195.160 139.65
225 69 69 69 195.161 139.66
226 66 66 66 195.162 139.67
227 70 70 70 195.163 139.68
228 67 67 67 195.164 139.69
229 71 71 71 195.165 139.70
230 156 156 156 195.166 139.71
231 72 72 72 195.167 139.72
232 84 84 84 195.168 139.73
233 81 81 81 195.169 139.74
234 82 82 82 195.170 139.81
235 83 83 83 195.171 139.82
236 88 88 88 195.172 139.83
237 85 85 85 195.173 139.84
238 86 86 86 195.174 139.85
239 87 87 87 195.175 139.86
240 140 140 140 195.176 139.87
241 73 73 73 195.177 139.88
242 205 205 205 195.178 139.89
243 206 206 206 195.179 139.98
244 203 203 203 195.180 139.99
245 207 207 207 195.181 139.100
246 204 204 204 195.182 139.101
247 225 225 225 195.183 139.102
248 112 112 112 195.184 139.103
249 221 221 192 195.185 139.104 ##
250 222 222 222 195.186 139.105
251 219 219 219 195.187 139.106
252 220 220 220 195.188 139.112
253 141 141 141 195.189 139.113
254 142 142 142 195.190 139.114
255 223 223 223 195.191 139.115
If you would rather see the above table in CCSID 0037 order rather than
ASCII + Latin-1 order then run the table through:
=over 4
=item recipe 4
=back
perl \
-ne 'if(/.{29}\d{1,3}\s{2,4}\d{1,3}\s{2,4}\d{1,3}\s{2,4}\d{1,3}/)'\
-e '{push(@l,$_)}' \
-e 'END{print map{$_->[0]}' \
-e ' sort{$a->[1] <=> $b->[1]}' \
-e ' map{[$_,substr($_,34,3)]}@l;}' perlebcdic.pod
If you would rather see it in CCSID 1047 order then change the number
34 in the last line to 39, like this:
=over 4
=item recipe 5
=back
perl \
-ne 'if(/.{29}\d{1,3}\s{2,4}\d{1,3}\s{2,4}\d{1,3}\s{2,4}\d{1,3}/)'\
-e '{push(@l,$_)}' \
-e 'END{print map{$_->[0]}' \
-e ' sort{$a->[1] <=> $b->[1]}' \
-e ' map{[$_,substr($_,39,3)]}@l;}' perlebcdic.pod
If you would rather see it in POSIX-BC order then change the number
34 in the last line to 44, like this:
=over 4
=item recipe 6
=back
perl \
-ne 'if(/.{29}\d{1,3}\s{2,4}\d{1,3}\s{2,4}\d{1,3}\s{2,4}\d{1,3}/)'\
-e '{push(@l,$_)}' \
-e 'END{print map{$_->[0]}' \
-e ' sort{$a->[1] <=> $b->[1]}' \
-e ' map{[$_,substr($_,44,3)]}@l;}' perlebcdic.pod
=head2 Table in hex, sorted in 1047 order
Since this document was first written, the convention has become more
and more to use hexadecimal notation for code points. To do this with
the recipes and to also sort is a multi-step process, so here, for
convenience, is the table from above, re-sorted to be in Code Page 1047
order, and using hex notation.
ISO
8859-1 POS- CCSID
CCSID CCSID CCSID IX- 1047
chr 0819 0037 1047 BC UTF-8 UTF-EBCDIC
---------------------------------------------------------------------
00 00 00 00 00 00
01 01 01 01 01 01
02 02 02 02 02 02
03 03 03 03 03 03
9C 04 04 04 C2.9C 04
09 05 05 05 09 05
86 06 06 06 C2.86 06
7F 07 07 07 7F 07
97 08 08 08 C2.97 08
8D 09 09 09 C2.8D 09
8E 0A 0A 0A C2.8E 0A
0B 0B 0B 0B 0B 0B
0C 0C 0C 0C 0C 0C
0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D
0E 0E 0E 0E 0E 0E
0F 0F 0F 0F 0F 0F
10 10 10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13 13 13
9D 14 14 14 C2.9D 14
0A 25 15 15 0A 15 **
08 16 16 16 08 16
87 17 17 17 C2.87 17
18 18 18 18 18 18
19 19 19 19 19 19
92 1A 1A 1A C2.92 1A
8F 1B 1B 1B C2.8F 1B
1C 1C 1C 1C 1C 1C
1D 1D 1D 1D 1D 1D
1E 1E 1E 1E 1E 1E
1F 1F 1F 1F 1F 1F
80 20 20 20 C2.80 20
81 21 21 21 C2.81 21
82 22 22 22 C2.82 22
83 23 23 23 C2.83 23
84 24 24 24 C2.84 24
85 15 25 25 C2.85 25 **
17 26 26 26 17 26
1B 27 27 27 1B 27
88 28 28 28 C2.88 28
89 29 29 29 C2.89 29
8A 2A 2A 2A C2.8A 2A
8B 2B 2B 2B C2.8B 2B
8C 2C 2C 2C C2.8C 2C
05 2D 2D 2D 05 2D
06 2E 2E 2E 06 2E
07 2F 2F 2F 07 2F
90 30 30 30 C2.90 30
91 31 31 31 C2.91 31
16 32 32 32 16 32
93 33 33 33 C2.93 33
94 34 34 34 C2.94 34
95 35 35 35 C2.95 35
96 36 36 36 C2.96 36
04 37 37 37 04 37
98 38 38 38 C2.98 38
99 39 39 39 C2.99 39
9A 3A 3A 3A C2.9A 3A
9B 3B 3B 3B C2.9B 3B
14 3C 3C 3C 14 3C
15 3D 3D 3D 15 3D
9E 3E 3E 3E C2.9E 3E
1A 3F 3F 3F 1A 3F
20 40 40 40 20 40
A0 41 41 41 C2.A0 80.41
E2 42 42 42 C3.A2 8B.43
E4 43 43 43 C3.A4 8B.45
E0 44 44 44 C3.A0 8B.41
E1 45 45 45 C3.A1 8B.42
E3 46 46 46 C3.A3 8B.44
E5 47 47 47 C3.A5 8B.46
E7 48 48 48 C3.A7 8B.48
F1 49 49 49 C3.B1 8B.58
A2 4A 4A B0 C2.A2 80.43 ##
. 2E 4B 4B 4B 2E 4B
< 3C 4C 4C 4C 3C 4C
( 28 4D 4D 4D 28 4D
+ 2B 4E 4E 4E 2B 4E
| 7C 4F 4F 4F 7C 4F
& 26 50 50 50 26 50
E9 51 51 51 C3.A9 8B.4A
EA 52 52 52 C3.AA 8B.51
EB 53 53 53 C3.AB 8B.52
E8 54 54 54 C3.A8 8B.49
ED 55 55 55 C3.AD 8B.54
EE 56 56 56 C3.AE 8B.55
EF 57 57 57 C3.AF 8B.56
EC 58 58 58 C3.AC 8B.53
DF 59 59 59 C3.9F 8A.73
! 21 5A 5A 5A 21 5A
$ 24 5B 5B 5B 24 5B
* 2A 5C 5C 5C 2A 5C
) 29 5D 5D 5D 29 5D
; 3B 5E 5E 5E 3B 5E
^ 5E B0 5F 6A 5E 5F ** ##
- 2D 60 60 60 2D 60
/ 2F 61 61 61 2F 61
C2 62 62 62 C3.82 8A.43
C4 63 63 63 C3.84 8A.45
C0 64 64 64 C3.80 8A.41
C1 65 65 65 C3.81 8A.42
C3 66 66 66 C3.83 8A.44
C5 67 67 67 C3.85 8A.46
C7 68 68 68 C3.87 8A.48
D1 69 69 69 C3.91 8A.58